Article 272   Published on November 30, 2017

The survival chances of a heart failure patient are poor. The earlier studies show more than 40 percent of the heart failure patients may die within five years. About 50 percent of the deaths are due to diastolic heart failure.

The risk of diastolic heart failure can increase with age. Diastolic heart failure events are common among those women who are with high blood sugar (glucose) levels (type 2 diabetes. T2D), hypertension (high blood pressure) and obesity (high body mass index BMI). There are no effective medications, drugs or treatments for diastolic heart failure.

CorAssist Cardiovascular Ltd, Haifa, Israel based start-up company gave a new hope for diastolic heart failure patients. The company has developed an innovative CORolla heart (cardiac) implant device. The CORolla is an elastic device to improve cardiac diastolic function. The procedure involved in the CORolla implant device is minimally invasive. This device will be implanted into the left ventricle of the heart while the heart is beating. The device improves the diastolic function of the heart by applying direct internal expansion forces on the septum and on the walls of the left ventricle.

This technology was developed by Dr. Yair Feld, a cardiologist at the Rambam Health Care, Haifa, Israel. Dr. Shay Dubi and Dr. Yotam Reisner were also associated with the development of CORolla implant device. The first procedure was performed by a team of professionals led by Professor Gil Bolotin, director of the Department of Cardiac Surgery.

Robert MacLachlan, a Canadian aged 72 years (a diastolic heart failure patient) was the first patient to undergo the implantation of an experimental, life-saving, CORolla heart-implant device in the Rambam hospital on August 28, 2017. Researchers have received an approval for up to ten clinical trials of CORolla implant from the Health Ministry.

       
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Septum: A wall that divides the heart into the left and right sides.

Diastolic heart failure: When blood did not fill the lower left ventricle of the heart during the diastolic (blood filling) phase, the amount of blood pumped out of the heart to body organs is less than the normal. This condition is called diastolic heart failure.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) can increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), a major cause of a premature death. Earlier studies could not find out the reasons for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) due to type 2 diabetes (T2D). A current study shows the similar genes can cause the development of both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart diseases and they can be prevented with a single drug (or pill).

Scientists have found seven mutations (changes in the gene structure) after analyzing DNA of more than 250,000 individuals from the East Asian, South Asian and European descent. These similar gene mutations have increased the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart diseases. The researchers have found that 65 percent of heart failures and 48 percent of the heart attacks in patients of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are due to these genes.

Scientists also found that the mutation of the ApoE gene lowers risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) but increases the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The researchers say that these phenomena have explained the reason for the reduction in "BAD" or LDL cholesterol levels in the bloodstream, but an increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with statin drug treatment.

Scientists say that the risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D) could be lowered by treating both the diseases with a single drug (or pill) by identifying genetic variants associated with both the diseases. There are possibilities to develop a drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with either neutral or beneficial effects on coronary heart disease (CHD).

The co-senior authors of the study are Dr. Danish Saleheen, MBBS, Ph.D., an assistant professor of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and Dr. Benjamin F. Voight, Ph.D., an associate professor of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. The study was published on September 4, 2017, in the Nature Genetics. Title of the article was "Identification of new susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes and shared etiological pathways with coronary heart disease."
DOI: doi.org/10.1038/ng.3943

       
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ApoE: ApoE gene helps in producing apolipoprotein E protein. This protein combines with lipid fats to form lipoprotein molecules. These molecules are responsible for the packaging of cholesterol and carry them in the bloodstream.

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