Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Heart Diseases  Article 278     Published on December 9, 2017

A study shows the course of the development of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) were different and they affect different blood vessels even though both diseases share common risk factors.

A 20-year follow-up study to find out the predictive factors for heart disease was done on 15,373 healthy men and women, aged between 30 and 75 years in Scotland. None of them had the cardiovascular diseases at the time of enrollment. Factors such as age of the participant, sex, family history of coronary heart disease (inherited risk factors of CHD), socioeconomic status, blood sugar (glucose) levels (type 2 diabetes status), tobacco use, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or "GOOD" cholesterol levels were collected. Researchers calculated 45 risk factors for the disease by using the earlier serum samples, initial statistics and the baseline findings.

The study found the coronary heart disease in 3,098 participants (about 20 percent) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in 499 participants (about 3.2 percent). More than 50 percent of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients had coronary heart disease (CHD) too. But 143 participants had the peripheral arterial disease (PAD) followed by coronary heart disease (CHD) and 97 participants had coronary heart disease (CHD) followed by peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Both peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) were developed simultaneously in 45 participants.

The study shows even though there was an overlap between these two diseases, the predictive factors were different for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and for coronary heart disease (CHD). The important predictors of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) were tobacco use, followed by diabetes (or high blood sugar levels) and inflammation. The predictors for coronary heart disease (CHD) were distributed evenly in the factors such as high cholesterol levels. Socioeconomic status and family history of heart diseases (inherited risk factors for heart diseases) were significant predictors for both diseases. But total cholesterol was not a predictive factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Researchers say that the peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an important cardiovascular disease. The peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is less frequent. The peripheral arterial disease (PAD) usually develops after the onset of coronary heart disease (CHD). PAD is not very often compared with stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) and affect the life of a patient. An independent prediction of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is less important than a prediction of cardiovascular disease. The study found just 3.2 percent of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the patients over 20 years. The study suggests that there is no need for a separate PAD predictive score.

Lead researcher of the study was Dr. Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe, MD, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, UK. The study findings were published September 18, 2017, in the Journal of the American Heart Association. Title of the article was "Twenty-Year Predictors of Peripheral Arterial Disease Compared With Coronary Heart Disease in the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort (SHHEC)."

       
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